The 2025 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their groundbreaking discoveries in the field of autoimmune diseases.

The 2024 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded jointly to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun for their discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

The 2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded jointly to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discoveries concerning nucleoside base modifications that enabled the development of effective mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

The 2022 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Svante Pääbo for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.

The 2021 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch.

The 2020 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded jointly to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton, and Charles M. Rice for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus.